Consumer Protection

In General

Beware the Precautionary Principle
December 7, 2006
by The Social Issues Research Centre
"A new mantra is beginning to occupy pride of place in debates on all environmental issues, whether they be to do with food safety, genetic engineering or global warming – the precautionary principle. Originating in 1960s Germany as Vorsorgeprinzip (literally foresight planning) it has been increasingly seized upon by green activists and other romantics since the 1970s as an unanswerable credo – when considering technological innovation, exercise caution with regard to its potential consequences."

Consumer Protection
by Dr. Mary Ruwart
The good doctor answers tough questions about consumer protection in a free society.

Death by Government Protection
by Sheldon Richman
"If the government stopped regulating—and everyone knew it—the buying public’s vigilance would grow. People would seek out information. Entrepreneurs would respond. Insurance companies would assume a larger role. Private consumer advocacy would expand. Lives would be saved."

Emancipate the Consumer
by Karen De Coster
"A resistance to the State and its regulatory strangulation is necessary for liberty, and essential for emancipating the consumer."

The Forgotten Consumer
by Eric-Charles Banfield
"Frequently both sides in an argument are wrong. When looking at free trade and free-market issues, both opponents and proponents invariably focus only on the producer side—how many jobs will directly be created or lost—and both sides completely ignore the effect on the consumer and his role in economic growth."

How can a free market protect consumers against business abuses?
by Mary Ruwart
"Today's mega-businesses lobby for government regulations to drive their smaller competitors out of business. In a libertarian society, these regulations wouldn't exist. Consequently, a business could grow big only if it gave consumers better quality service at a better price than its competitors."

Let the Market Protect Consumer Safety
by John Hood
"Most accidents are completely unpredictable. They depend on the mannerisms and behavior of a consumer, the time of day, the weather, and just blind luck. This information is not available to regulators in Washington, and cannot be reflected in CPSC directives. But it can be reflected in a free market."

The Morals of Trade
1859
by Herbert Spencer
"When that abhorrence which society now shows to direct theft, is shown to theft of all degrees of indirectness; then will these mercantile vices disappear. When not only the trader who adulterates or gives short measure, but also the merchant who overtrades, the bank-director who countenances an exaggerated report, and the railway-director who repudiates his guarantee, come to be regarded as of the same genus as the pickpocket, and are treated with like disdain; then will the morals of trade become what they should be."

Promise Keepers
July 1, 1998
by Peter Spencer
"In most instances, we also can rest assured that the indicators of safety or quality will keep their promises. For example, the ongoing successes of an Underwriters Laboratories or other private certification firm requires a reputation for integrity and vigilance that certification isn’t misused. Similarly, if the American Automobile Association turned people over to many unscrupulous mechanics, its reputation would diminish its assurance value. My insurer doesn’t want to recommend shoddy body shops, either."

Protective Technology
by Peter McWilliams
Gadgets that could provide more safety than can be provided by legislation.

Public Health vs. Bureaucratic Self-Interest: Don’t Trust the FDA to Reform Itself
May 18, 1995
by Robert Higgs
"Administrative changes by the FDA will not suffice. What the agency stops doing now, it can resume doing later; and it will unless the law is changed. The FDA could never have abused its powers so grossly if Congress had not given it so much discretionary authority. Real reform requires that Congress drastically curtail the agency's legislative authority."

Public Services: practical examples
by stormy MON
Brief descriptions of how the free market can provide services such as health and safety inspections. Part of an online book, Imagine Freedom, which attacks government and religion.

Quality-and-Safety Assurance: How Voluntary Social Processes Remedy Their Own Shortcomings
by Daniel B. Klein
"Consumer-protection laws and regulations are often rationalized on the grounds that without them the public would make uninformed or foolish choices. But the risks arising from imperfect knowledge prompt consumers and entrepreneurs to discover new ways to assure quality and safety, thus undercutting the case for government regulation."

Regulation by Reputation on the Net
April 2001
by Aaron Steelman
"Daniel Houser and John Wooders, economists at the University of Arizona, have looked at this issue empirically. Their findings are consistent with my anecdotal experience: “seller reputation (but not buyer reputation) is a statistically and economically significant determinant of auction prices.”* What we have, then, is regulation by reputation. And the system works quite well for most eBay users."

Replacing Government Regulations with Superior Market Alternatives
by Manuel Lora
Contrasts government regulations to insurance companies and certification companies.

The Rise and Fall of the Edsel
by Anthony Young
"The Edsel serves as a textbook example of corporate presumption and disregard for market realities. It also demonstrates that advertising and pre-delivery hype have their limits in inducing consumers to buy a new and un-proven car. In a free market economy, it is the car-buying public, not the manufacturer, that determines the success or failure of an automobile."

Safety and Wealth
January 11, 1998
by Thomas Sowell
"Whether particular regulations save more lives directly than they cost indirectly by sacrificing or inhibiting the production of wealth is an empirical question. But it is a question that is seldom asked."

The Self-Interest of Self-Regulation
by J. Brian Phillips
"Proponents of government regulation often overlook the many ways in which the free market itself polices producers, without the need for government involvement. Let us make a quick survey of these ways, in the hope that it will help us better to understand the market process, as well as shed further light on the wisdom of government intervention."

The Sovereignty of the Consumers
by Ludwig von Mises
"The direction of all economic affairs is in the market society a task of the entrepreneurs. Theirs is the control of production. They are at the helm and steer the ship. A superficial observer would believe that they are supreme. But they are not. They are bound to obey unconditionally the captain's orders. The captain is the consumer. Neither the entrepreneurs nor the farmers nor the capitalists determine what has to be produced. The consumers do that. If a businessman does not strictly obey the orders of the public as they are conveyed to him by the structure of market prices, he suffers losses, he goes bankrupt, and is thus removed from his eminent position at the helm. Other men who did better in satisfying the demand of the consumers replace him."

What Protects Consumers and Workers?
by Walter E. Williams
"What is said here about competition is not restricted to strictly political or economic matters. A more-preferred lady is always treated nicer if she has many suitors; however, competition makes it possible for less-preferred ladies to effectively compete with more-preferred ladies. They do that by offering what economists call “compensating differences”—lower prices and greater services. In fact, there is an old rock-and-roll song about this competitive process that bears the title “If You Wanna Be Happy”: “If you wanna be happy for the rest of your life, never make a pretty woman your wife. So for my personal point of view get an ugly girl to marry you” (www.geocities.com/oldiesheaven1/happy.html)."

Who will protect us from our Protectors?
July 1997
by Peter Huber
"U.S. utilities now go abroad to buy back improvements on the technology U.S. firms once sold. Last year the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia arranged research in Argentina to test a bovine rabies vaccine, and Oregon State University researchers chose New Zealand to test another bioengineered vaccine. Regulatory agencies and liability courts send a single, persistent message to scientists, engineers, doctors, pharmaceutical firms, waste handlers, airlines: Don't experiment, don't be venturesome, don't go out on a limb. Play it safe.
Creative destruction—the constant replacement of old social structures and technologies with new ones—is the key to any civilization's survival. In this sense, our enemy is within, not without. We are stifled by our own do-gooders, our law courts, our bureaucrats. Today the Wright brothers could not get off the ground. Could our early railroads have passed an environmental impact or safety test? What would the unions have done to Eli Whitney's cotton gin?"

Why the Precautionary Principle is Wrong Part 1
December 21, 2006
Part 2
December 23, 2006
by Neil Lock
"And isn't the precautionary principle itself a source of risk? Are we sure there would never be harmful effects from its application? One thinks of the human lives lost to malaria through the banning of DDT. And can we be sure that it would never cause us to miss out on benefits in the future? One thinks of drugs like aspirin, and wonders whether, if discovered today, such drugs would be approved for use."

Airline Safety

Airline Safety Can Be Assured by Insurance-Industry Incentives
by Robert W. Poole, Jr.
"An insurance-based system would depoliticize airline safety. This should be the goal."

Time to Depoliticize Airline Security
by Anthony Gregory
"Airlines could have different standards, and customers could choose which ones to patronize—those that allow firearms or those that disarm their passengers and crew; those that scrutinize all patrons equally or those that are more cautious with passengers of a statistically riskier demographic."

Credit Information

Credit-Information Reporting: Why Free Speech Is Vital to Social Accountability and Consumer Opportunity
by Daniel B. Klein
"Widely criticized by consumer groups, the misunderstood credit bureau has helped consumers by fostering trust between strangers. Privacy advocates should note that credit bureaus promote social accountability far more discretely than do the media and the legal system."

Food Police

The Food Police Are Watching You
by K. L. Billingsley
"Federal regulators ordered millions of pounds of perfectly good food to be dumped on a dirt road where it was left to rot in the sun. One could hardly ask for a more vivid parable of arrogance, stupidity, and waste."

The Human Cost of the Anti-pesticide Movement
by Richard Tren
"Spraying DDT is a safe and effective way to kill malaria-bearing mosquitoes, but Uganda's farmers fear that any association between their products and DDT will harm their valued export markets."

Kosher Cops
by Jacob Sullum
"There are more than 100 kashrut supervision services worldwide, plus publications, such as Kashrus Magazine, devoted to covering developments that might concern a Jew who observes the dietary laws. In addition to organizations such as the Orthodox Union, individuals often serve as kashrut supervisors, or mashgichim."

Protect food from federal 'safety'
by Sheldon Richman
"If all companies are subject to the same government safety certification, they will not regard it as worthwhile to compete on the basis of safety."

Regulatory Poison
February 1, 1998
by Thomas J. DiLorenzo and James T. Bennett
"The FDA literally killed American citizens by denying them the right to decide for themselves whether they wanted irradiated food. FDA regulation was infinitely more hazardous to health than food irradiation could ever conceivably be."

Should Government Regulate What We Eat?
October 24, 2006
by Wendy McElroy
"Well, viewed from one perspective, words are only ‘puffs of air,’ but that doesn’t diminish the importance of free speech. The idea of government micro-managing personal choice and freedom down to the level of a french fry is a very big deal."

The Slippery Slope
by Walter Williams
"Now the zealots have won the war on smoking, they are turning their attention to the overweight among us."

We Can Do Better than Government Inspection of Meat
by E. C. Pasour, Jr.
"No one has a stronger interest in protecting consumers from tainted meat than the businesses in the industry. Ultimately, safety is best assured when rooted in the self-interest of business firms and consumers."

The Weight of the Nation: What Should Be Done About Obesity?
by Nadeem Esmail
"A number of groups and government officials have suggested ways of dealing with the obesity "epidemic" including the "Twinkie Tax," public education programs, and mandatory physical education in schools. Here is a better solution."

A World Without the FDA
by Russell Roberts
"Would a world without an FDA and prescriptions be a better world? The answer depends on how many lives would be lost from mistakes and how many lives would be saved by the wider and earlier availability of drugs. It would also depend on the value you place on putting responsibility in our own hands rather than having the government take responsibility for us."

Highway Safety

Death by Government
March 1, 1999
by Thomas J. DiLorenzo
"If there were justice in the world, Joan Claybrook, the head of the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration during the Carter administration, would be handcuffed to the steering column of a Volkswagen Beetle while an air bag was repeatedly blown up in her face."

Theories of Highway Safety
by Walter Block

Insurance Policies

Contra Insurance
by Bobby Yates Emory
"Even though there may be concerns about endorsing current insurance policies, advocating insurance as part of a future method to deliver goods and services may be preferable to advocating government."

Free-Market Justice Is in the Cards
by J.H. Huebert
"One of the most impressive examples of free-market justice involves something that might be in your pocket right now: your credit card."

Liability Litigation

Who Really Benefits from Liability Litigation?
by Robert W. McGee
This article discusses the liability litigation situation in the United States.

Occupational Licensing

Does Occupational Licensing Protect Consumers?
by John Hood
"These boards are supposed to represent the interests of consumers in various professional fields, but the regulations enforced are more likely to serve the interests of those regulated—by increasing their income, by reducing their potential competition—and favor the interests of higher-income consumers over those to whom price and availability of a service may be more important than the formal education or skills of the service provider. The rationale for occupational licensing assumes that the interests of consumers can be generalized, when in fact different consumers value different things."

Does Physician Licensing Serve a Useful Purpose?
July 10, 2000
by Shirley V. Svorny
"Improvements in the incentives for others to monitor physicians due to shifts in liability, the growth in group practice, and peer review, and the increased ease with which this monitoring can be performed make state licensing efforts redundant to market processes."

Harming Our Health
by Mary J. Ruwart
"Licensing of health care services gives us the illusion that we are protected against selfish others who would defraud us. Instead, our aggression boomerangs back to us, costing us our wealth, our health, and our very lives."

Separate the Professions and the State
by Lewis M. Andrews
"What is certain is that the nature of what it means to be a professional must change radically in the years to come if the American economy is to sustain its historic rate of growth."

Safety Standards

Allowing the Free Market to Set Product Safety Standards
by Carol Dawson
"Most standards for product safety and compatibility in the United States are written by voluntary groups and testing is performed and certified by private laboratories..."

TV

Cable TV Restrictions Are Anti-Consumer
March 10, 2006
by Benjamin Powell
"Government regulations force millions of Americans to pay too much for cable television. If you live in a city with only one land-line cable television provider, you are likely to be one of them. While telecommunications consumers have benefited from falling prices caused by competition over the past ten years, cable customers have not. In fact, cable rates have increased by nearly 60 percent since 1999."

Vaccination

Philosophy of Immunization
by Mark Moyers
An argument against compulsory vaccination.

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This page was last updated on August 28, 2007.