Sports

Sports in General

Sports Are Relatively Rational
by Walter Block
"Okay, okay, sports are not perfect. They are organized by imperfect human beings. The state butts its ugly nose into this field of endeavor as it does in all others. But let us look at the real (read: non-sports) world. Let us glance at the other sections of newspapers. There is a sharp contrast."

Sports in America
by Tibor R. Machan
"I am a refugee to this country not because it manufactures Olympic winners, or the greatest technology in the world, or for any other single achievement found in it, but because it is the best environment for individuals to pursue their own happiness, according to their own individual talents, abilities, and choices."

Sports: The Great American Surrogate
by Donald G. Smith
"The simple truth is that organized sports fills a need in the American competitive psyche that is lacking in the business world. What government has taken away, the Yankees, Bears, and Lakers have put back. We are a people who want to see good work rewarded, transgressions punished, and books balanced. We have turned to sports to find these things. It is a world that people understand and a world that people want. A touchdown is a touchdown, a home run is a home run, and a slam dunk is two points for the slammer."

Amateur Sports

Capitalism: An Olympic Winner
by David R. Henderson
"I admit my disappointment that America didn’t win more medals. But one of my joys watching the Winter Olympics and anticipating the summer games in Barcelona is seeing capitalism work in all its glory."

Is High School Football a Public Good?
December 21, 2006
by Jim Fedako
"Those who push for additional taxes to benefit high school sports are not the champions of a greater good. No, they are simply bandits using more accepted means to force their neighbors to split the bill. Asking is seen as inappropriate; coercing is celebrated.
Public goods are a cover for coercion, and public high school football is a private good funded by someone else's tax bill. Don't believe otherwise."

Is Protecting Us the Government’s First Priority?
August 17, 2004
by Ivan Eland
"At an international event where pride of origin is usually encouraged, U.S. athletes are apparently being told not to wear T-shirts that would identify them as Americans. In a great understatement, one Olympic coach was quoted in The San Francisco Chronicle as saying, “How the world is now, America isn’t the favorite country.” One might ask how the “Land of the Free, Home of the Brave”—a model of political and economic freedom geographically removed from most centers of conflict—has put its citizens in mortal danger by becoming so generally despised."

Let Em Skate!: Defeating Local Socialism
by George C. Leef
"Three months after the defeat of the ice arena, a company in the sports-facilities business announced that it would build an arena in Meridian Township, spending less than the task force plan called for and creating no risk for the taxpayers."

Rinkonomics: A Window on Spontaneous Order
May 1, 2006
by Daniel B. Klein
"On the floor of the roller rink, the social good can only be achieved by spontaneous order. As Hayek explained, the case for leaving action spontaneous is stronger the more complex social affairs are, because greater complexity only exacerbates the planner's knowledge problems. When the situation is simple, central planning can succeed. If there were just four skaters on the floor of the rink, central planning might not be so bad. But with 100 skaters, it is preposterous."

Professional Sports

The Economic Woes of Pro Sports: Greed or Government?
by Raymond J. Keating
"In a truly free sports market, leagues operate free of antitrust regulation, teams receive no subsidies, owners build their own stadiums, and player salaries stay within the realm of sanity as owners are forced to consider the full cost of team operations including stadium or arena financing. Indeed, this is how the pro sports business largely worked until the 1960s and 1970s, when corporate welfare expanded along with all other forms of government activity."

The Locker Room Is Private Property
by Donald G. Smith
"It is my contention that the owner has the right to ban women, or anyone else, from the locker room for no other reason than simple ownership. This is the same right that a female reporter would invoke to keep any uninvited person out of her home, including a team owner. The team owner doesn’t owe an explanation to those who are kept out and most certainly not to any group of political reformers or protest marchers. It is quite clearly none of their business. The same owner has the right to admit only female reporters and to keep the men out, or to allow only reporters over 40, or those with last names beginning A through L. This is the owner’s prerogative, and it is not the business of government to determine who is to be allowed in a private facility."

Major League Losers: The Real Cost of Sports and Who's Paying For It by Mark S. Rosentraub and Home Team: Professional Sports and the American Metropolis by Michael N. Danielson
reviewed by Raymond J. Keating
"Both Rosentraub and Danielson largely place the blame for taxpayer subsidies on such misnomers as sports “cartels” or “monopolies,” when in fact they are another outgrowth of our massive welfare state."

Pro Sports on the Dole
by Raymond J. Keating
"Corporate welfare deeply infiltrates baseball, along with most other professional sports. That is, a distasteful and costly alliance between government and business. Fans no longer support their favorite teams and players merely through ticket prices, concessions, team apparel and souvenirs, and cable TV subscriptions, but through their taxes as well. Taxpayers across America—whether they are fans or not—are subsidizing the portion of the entertainment industry known as professional sports. While such subsidies are completely unjustified, they become even more egregious considering, for example, that the average employee in major league baseball earns more than a million dollars a year."

Sports Welfare
by Doug Bandow
"At a time of tight public budgets, a serious debate over the role of government is long overdue. Although entertaining the masses might have been an accepted role for government in ancient Rome, surely Americans today are capable of amusing themselves without government subsidies for the modern equivalent of gladiatorial games."

Superstar Athletes Provide Economics Lessons
by K. L. Billingsley
"Besides illustrating market forces, athletics shows how a nearly pure meritocracy works. Nobody starts at quarterback for the Dallas Cowboys or guard for the Los Angeles Lakers because his father once played or happens to own the team. If a misguided urban youth can run, pass, kick, and play defense better than those raised in the wealthy suburbs, he will get the job, whatever his race, nationality, or religion. In sports, nepotism is a guarantee of failure, something that government needs to learn. But the attempt of some stars to gain money by other means is also illuminating."

Superstars as Slaves
by Jerome Ellig
"Let’s leave the owners and players alone to figure out what each other’s efforts are worth, subject as always to the fans’ veto in the form of refusal to buy tickets."

Baseball

The Costs of Segregation to the Detroit Tigers
by Burton Folsom, Jr.
"What lessons can we learn from Detroit’s experience with segregation? First, as baseball expert Steve Sailer has noted, 'competitive markets make irrational bigotry expensive—not impossible, but costly.'”

Government Legislation: A Bad Idea for Baseball
December 8, 2004
by Benjamin Powell
"Following the revelation that Barry Bonds and Jason Giambi used steroids, some government officials began demanding that major league baseball adopt a stricter steroid policy. While much ink has been devoted to the impact of steroids on the game of baseball, too little attention has been paid to whether or not the government should have any role in determining the league’s steroid policy."

The Socialization of Baseball
by Jacob Holbrooks
"In order to sell baseball as a product that the government should pay to provide, baseball executives have cultivated the idea that baseball is an American right and is socially indispensable."

Boxing

What do Boxing and Business Schools Have in Common?
by Walter Block
"If you think we should have only one boxing organization under state control, do you think there should be only one governmental magazine rating MBA programs? Such periodicals disagree with one another not just on business college prestige, but with regard to many other things as well. If mere divergence of opinion warranted public sector control, the road to socialism would be greased even the more."

Football

The NFL Oilers: A Case Study in Corporate Welfare
by Raymond J. Keating
"Today, legalized larceny on behalf of million-dollar athletes and owners is all the rage. And as the performance of Houston—a generally free-enterprise city without, for example, zoning laws—and its former mayor show, resisting a man in an athletic uniform is hard to do."

Golf

Female Golfer
by Walter Block
"If females can enter male competitions on the grounds that they are just as good as men, then, based on this egalitarian "logic," the latter will no longer be able to be kept out of those that have previously been limited to women. After all, why have different sections of an athletic event, if there are no relevant differences?"'

Fore: Watch Out for Government Golf!
by Raymond J. Keating
"In the end, there is no justification whatsoever for government involvement in the golf business. Even if one subscribes to the idea of market failure, certainly none of the criteria for such failure—i.e., monopoly, public goods, external costs, or inadequate information—exist in the case of golf courses. The only reasons for the existence of government golf courses are patronage (another opportunity for politicians to dole out jobs), special-interest pressures (some golfers want cheap golf, courtesy of the taxpayers), and government revenue (politicians believe they can make money with golf facilities)."

Soccer

Bend It Like (Yogi) Berra
August 7, 2006
by Allen R. Sanderson
He explains why Americans are right about soccer and the rest of the world is wrong.

Market Reforms Score Big in Soccer
by L. Jacobo Rodrguez
"Market-oriented policies such as TV deregulation, flexible labor markets, and salaries determined by the interplay of market forces have allowed Europeans to be in a league of their own when it comes to soccer, an activity they are very passionate about. One can only hope EU leaders, realizing what freer markets have done for soccer, will push for more reform to help other sectors of their often rigid economies and to stop the drain of human capital."

Soccer—The World Upside Down
June 15, 2006
by Alvaro Vargas Llosa
"Two factors explain why the World Cup has become so competitive: the free mobility of players across national boundaries and the commercial nature of soccer clubs."

Sports and the Culture Wars

Augusta Critics Cheapen Real Discrimination
February 25, 2003
by Wendy McElroy
"The "right to golf" is both laughable and obscene. Laughable because this is what political correctness has been reduced to — arguing for the right of affluent women to spend leisure time hitting a small ball around someone else's property where they are not wanted. Obscene because it is an offense to every woman or minority who has suffered genuine harm through discrimination."

Bring Back Sportsmanship
Spring 2000
by Peter Reinharz and Brian C. Anderson
"Once upon a time, after all, the public—and coaches and team owners too—expected athletes to stand for certain ideals of civility, self-mastery, respectability, and fair play that provided an example for all citizens. But when pro football players are implicated in brutal murders, or a millionaire basketball star assaults his coach—such incidents now seem to crop up weekly—it's a sign that something has gone awry in sports and in the culture as a whole. It suggests, too, that sports have become not just a reflection of cultural decline but an active agent of debasement."

Sports, Politics, and the Constitution
by Murray N. Rothbard
This essay originally appeared in the November 1990 issue of The Rothbard-Rockwell Report.
"The egregious federal Judge Constance Baker Motley had decreed that women have a constitutional right to enter male locker rooms! Talk about your judicial activism!"

Why Brits Love Iron Mike
Spring 2000
by Theodore Dalrymple
"A radio interviewer asked the sportswriter of a black newspaper why Tyson had drawn far bigger crowds than did Lennox Lewis, a black boxer living in England, even after Lewis had returned home with the world title. The writer replied that people liked Tyson because he was "a bad boy, a street boy," in contrast to Lewis. Lewis never has had trouble with the police, still lives at home with his mother—whom he reportedly reveres—and generally conducts himself in a decent, civilized, and gentlemanly manner. He is a true sportsman—and therefore, the writer implied, a traitor to his race."

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This page was last updated on May 19, 2007.